![]() Tocotrienols: Used for their potent antioxidant properties, skin-soothing abilities, and moisture content, tocotrienols are a powerful, concentrated form of vitamin E. Research has demonstrated that niacinamide, even in low concentrations, can help strengthen a compromised skin barrier, boost skin’s synthesis of ceramides and cholesterol-both essential substances in barrier health and elasticity-and improve skin’s defenses against water loss. Niacinamide: Aka vitamin B3, niacinamide has a wide range of benefits, most notably its ability to improve signs of aging (fine lines, wrinkles, loss of firmness) as well as uneven tone and texture. Triple-Antioxidant Brightening Complex: Phloretin, glutathione, and diglucosyl gallic acid work together to normalize areas of excess melanin production, reduce hyperpigmentation (those pink or red marks left over after a breakout), and enhance the penetration of actives like azelaic acid. Because of its exfoliation benefits, it also enhances the penetration and absorption of other ingredients. ![]() This unique combination of abilities allows salicylic acid to improve concerns like texture and tone as well as help unclog pores. ![]() Research has demonstrated that azelaic acid, at a 10% concentration, can help improve multiple types of discolorations-both those that occur due to sun damage as well as postbreakout red or brown marks-and has mild exfoliation properties.ġ% Salicylic Acid: This beta hydroxy acid exfoliates the surface of skin, and because it is oil soluble, it is able to penetrate to exfoliate the pores, too. 10% Azelaic Acid: Derived from barley, azelaic acid (aka dicarboxylic acid) is used for its powerful skin-soothing and brightening benefits.
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